John Locke

John Locke John Locke Reading through John Lockes Second Treatise, The Declaration of Independence, Martin Luther King Letter from Birmingham Jail, Karl Marx The Communist Manifesto, E Fromms Escape from Freedom, Thomas Mores Utopia, Henry David Thoreaus Walden there comes an almost universal viewpoint that the nature has its state and then there is the law of nature. The state of nature is in discord with the law of nature. The law of nature comes out as the closest approximation of the ideal world that we should all live in and which all these writers seem to push for in their struggles whether as pastor, as in Martin Luther or as a writer as in Thoreau. The state of nature is different. It is what it is as we see it. There is social injustice about and men of convictions can only but rise up and fight to restore the world to its law of nature. According to Fromm, although man is born a freak of nature, he has to find principles to replace instincts, and control it as per his wishes. He has to try and overcome all conditions that are negative like death, starvation, disease etc through his action and decision. Like the rest, he sees that humanitys true nature is freedom. Martin Luther King sees lots of double standards and superficiality when he looks at issues from the state of nature perspective. The state of nature in his time is that there is a sweltering injustice against the people of colour but this is happening in society where Christianity is the main religion. Rather than Christianity, the clergy railing about this injustice, they look the other way. They do not want to confront the real issue probably for fear of being associated with violence. But Martin Luther opposes this kind of religious bastardisation when he seeks through non violence movement to demonstrate that religion must be concrete, at the service of man according to the law of nature. It should press for equality and justice for Gods children because that is what the law of nature is. The current state where people are segregated, and wallow in injustice does not represent the law of nature but the state of nature. To him, there is a yawning gap between the state of nature a nd the law of nature as per the conditions. When he tries through non-violent struggles; he is trying to bring the law of nature into concretization. The true nature is when freedom is had. Similarly, Thoreau, through his staying in the pond experiences nature in its true self, the law of nature. He escapes the state of nature where there is rigid and an economic system so exploitative. The state of nature is enslaving instead of freeing us. Its civilization does not make us better people but instead it enslaves and degrades us. His escape to the pond is a desire to live as per the law of nature. Karl Marx also espouses the same view that human existence is haunted by a spectre of exploitation, internecine class struggles but each time there is the majority suffering and a few enjoying. The majority proletariat and the minority, who own the property and the means of societys production the bourgeois class subjects the rest of humanity to sub human conditions. Even the family is like that, so materialistic and intended for exploitation and not succor. That is the state of nature-quite convoluted. The proposal of the Communism manifesto is thus a sentimental wish to retur n to life as per the law of nature-where resources are to be used for the common good. No private property, no exploitation, no classes and no struggles. That will be the nature according to law of God. In all the writings, the issue of God comes out as one who stands where justice is. In Martin Luthers case, God is not the religion but where there is justice and fairness, God is the supreme good. We see that God can be fought for, if need be. Thomas More through his writings and activities appears so harsh to those who have a dim view of God, that even he is accused of have taken part in the persecution of the heretics. The idea of God as conceptualized by Erich Fromm is no different. He sees God as the ultimate being, that all temporal lifestyles should reflect respect for God. In Mores utopia, that there is no place for Atheists suggests that absence of God is unacceptable. He must be there, everywhere. The idea of natural rights comes out clearly in Karl Marxs works just as in Lockes and Thoreaus works as well as in Fromms.All people have a right to personal freedom that is so majestic, real and liberating than the freedom offered by governments. Waldens escape to the pond where he lives in freedom and Mores Utopian portrayal reflects that men are in bondage and their wish is to live in freedom some day where the natural rights apply. Locke sees that written law should be positive and this can only be through a legitimate democratic set up. That this should not necessarily be the law to control us but that we should be ready to control ourselves with laws that are human but not necessarily written seems to be the suggestion of Fromm. The idea of social contract comes out in mixed shades from the various writers. Locke sees constitutions in a democracy as social contracts between the governed and the institutions in place to govern them. When people in subordinate themselves into social contract, the cede some of their personal freedoms for greater good. Some of the individuals natural rights are ceded in the fulfillment of social contract. The civil state is beholden to the people and is charged to the protection of property and civil liberties. The civil state should also have power over the people. In Lockes civil state, the natural rights form the basis of laws. But it can be overthrown if it ceases to serve the people. Martin Luther seems to present a related argument when he urges civil disobedience for the people of colour to protest an unjust law and government that does not protect all. Even if legitimate, it can be opposed by all means so that it stops its excesses. Henry Thoreau also concurs that higher laws take precedence over human laws. It is human to treat some people with indifference and unjustly but higher laws demand that all be treated equally. It thus in a way seems to suggest that what is human is moral and should be upheld at all costs. The civil state should serve the interest of the people who have willingly instituted it. The individual on his part has his natural rights but also has his social obligations. The individual may not necessarily act always according to the natural rights but will have to insubordinate themselves to society. Acting according to individual right and in pursuit of natural law might lead to coalition with the civil authorities at times as we see in Walden. Fromm argues that truly, each person is a unique individual, separate from the rest, but that does not make one to live individualistic life but they should overcome their separatedness, and join the rest. One would only be schizophrenic if they just lived in the world according to their own thoughts, feelings and needs. Thoreau however affirms that society and its laws oppress the individual. The idea of community is extensively explored in Karl Marxs work. The society should ideally live a communist lifestyle where all are equal and no one has claim to private property. On communistic set up only brings conflicts and bleeds resentment from the vast marginalized sections of society. The end result will be a revolution where the oppressed will seek to restore communism. When Martin Luther King claims that it will be great that day even the whites will support the people of colour to fight unjust laws suggests that a community is important in enforcing a natural law. Fromm suggests that we have to try and overcome our awareness of our separateness by trying to come closer to each other in what he calls need for relatedness. This is his thesis that men should live as a community. But Waldens escape to the pond shows a community can even be found in the nature and one can just be as happy within it. Failure to overcome our separateness and join others according to Fromm is in fantile narcissm which is a trait that cannot support a communal existence. There is a way in which the idea of common good is looked at by the various writers.Locke, Fromm, Karl Marx, and Martin Luther openly affirm the idea of the common good. That everything should be for the common good including laws, religion, and production systems. In Martin Luthers case, Christianity seems not to be for the common good as it is in his society, what with double standards and convoluted interpretations of the gospel by whites? In Karl Marxs case, the social and economic set up should be violently altered to suit all or for the common good. The bourgeois only exploit the proletariat and by the former hoarding wealth, they use it selfishly while it should be for common good. This is the sentimental state More would like to see in Utopia where everything including land is used for common good. By suggesting personal wandering in the Pond, Thoreau seems to be suggesting the need for one to escape to a world without fetters where they will live richly. The idea of the majority unfortunately ending up overriding the minority is expressed variously. Locke affirms that the majority take sway over minority in politics. Mores utopian existence shows everything should be used for the utility of the majority and not for the individual. But as Thoreau shows, the majority can be oppressive to the individual. Society is seen as a conspiracy against manhood. In Mores work, Karl Marxs work and John Lockes work, property is to be used for all. Karl Marx sees that property should not be held by individuals but by all. Mores Utopia affirms this to be the ideal society as property will benefit all. Thoreau sees that no good life can come out of a life where one is working for others, for perpetuation of private property. The issue of freedom is explored at length. Martin Luther sees freedom as the acme of humanity, justice should be there for all and the quest for it has never been easy with those seeking for it ending up being branded extremists. For More, there can never be freedom which allows people to denounce God.For Fromm, freedom should be backed by reason and buttressed by morality. The modern world seems to allow unconventional freedoms. One cannot claim freedom when they are breaking moral laws. For Karl Marx, freedom will be had with the removal of the unjust system that exploits the working class. Money is also viewed as the cause of exploitation of others especially by Karl Marx. Wealth should be for all including money. In martin Luther King, the idea of protest by not buying from all malls suggests that his views are that money should be used to pursue justice and should be morally used. Putting your money to the oppressor only allows him wield more power to exploit you. Thoreau sees money may not be the ultimate requirement to buy happiness but happiness can be got in simple life forms. Fromm asserts that money should never be hoarded, just like all other wealth forms although the modern world seems to gravitate towards that.

Mussolini and Matteotti Crisis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Mussolini and Matteotti Crisis - Essay Example He was executed on April 28, 1945 in Milan, Italy when economic depression and military failures in World War II led to his ousting and subsequent persecution. (Benito Mussolini, 2003; Benito Mussolini, 2007; Benito Mussolini) Mussolini began his political career when he became editor to Milan socialist paper "Avanti!" in 1911. A gifted orator and writer, Mussolini was brought to the notice of the socialist movement when he was arrested and imprisoned for leading demonstrators protesting the attack by the Italians on Libya. Under socialist concepts, war was merely a way for the rich to get richer at the expense of the common worker. Under his editorship, the newspaper gained popularity. (Benito Mussolini, 2007) Five months into World War I, however, Mussolini had a change of attitude, regarding war as an opportunity, and for this the socialist party expelled him. In August 1915, Mussolini answered his country's call to arms. In 1917, a mortar bomb signalled his discharge from the army with the rank of corporal. (Benito Mussolini, 2007) Mussolini developed a political ideology to tie in support of his group, later to be known as Fascism because he named the group Fasci di Combattimento or League for Combat. He was not the first to use the word fasci but his party was the most identified with it. (Rise of Mussolini: to 1922, 2006) World War I threw Italy into an economic crisis and the country was in turmoil. In response, Mussolini formed the National Fascist Party in 1919 and people looked to him to bring order into chaos. He formed the Black Shirt militia, officially the squadre d'azione but popularly described as armed thugs that used violence against all who opposed the Fascist party with special preference for socialist, communists and democrats, and little opposition from authorities. (Rise of Mussolini: to 1922, 2006) In 1921, Mussolini and 35 other fellow Fascists became members of the Italian Chamber of Deputies. (Benito Mussolini, 2003) This was partly due to a coalition Mussolini forged with then Prime Mi nister Gioletti, who sought to restore authority over the Italian citizenry, which he promptly broke as soon as he gained membership. (Rise of fascism in Italy under Mussolini, 2007) The Pacification Pact between Mussolini and the socialists in Parliament was an attempt to forge an alliance, but this was strongly opposed by the radical members of the Party, the squadristi, especially by their leaders, the ras. Attempts to disband the squadristi failed and the pact was dissolved. (March on Rome, 2007) The March on Rome and Military Loyalty The ruling Leftist party initiated a general strike against the Fascists in August 1922, and Mussolini saw his opportunity for his party to grab power. Mussolini counted on the indecisiveness of the Italian government under Prime Minister Luigi Facta and the growing discontent of the citizenry to hedge his gamble. He threatened a march to Rome of 40,000 strong Black Shirts, ostensibly as an intervention necessary to uphold a weak government as solidified by its failure to the secure the Italian-speaking town of Fiume as due recognition for the contributions of Italy to World

Education Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 3

Education - Research Paper Example Although each of the strategy is unique and friendly to the user, a number of difficulties isalso evident while implementing them. Advantages of reading strategies Teachers should design and teach the different strategies to encourage students in the classroom. In most cases, students can become highly frustrated when they fail to understand the content of what they could be reading. This might discourage them but using the correct strategies to counter the problem, the students are able to get back on track before giving up on reading (Buel, 2009). It is critical that teachers be knowledgeable of the students’ progress and the most appropriate tactics to apply in different situations to help students repair their reading comprehension. It is evident that reading strategies, such as DRTA, are quite helpful to struggling readers who make use of prediction for scaffolding. Predicting before reading which makes use of the cover or the title of the book being read, helps students to make verifications after reading subsequent sections. The students focus on the reading since they have a goal identified when they start to read (Buehl, 2009). This helps them to better understand the passage. It has also become clear that reading strategies allow students to use art as one way to improve their comprehension. This is better elaborated by the visual imagery that allows students to visualize a passage as they read. This is an important strategy since teaching students how to develop mental picture while reading also increases recall, predicting of what would come next and making inference. To enhance this, the teacher should draw pictures of what is being read (Buehl, 2009). This helps learners to follow the imagery besides how it represents what is being read. Another benefit of reading strategies on the learning process is that they provide an effective way to activate learners’ prior knowledge of the topic being taught. This helps them to think about som e experiences they can easily relate to when reading (Buehl, 2009). This enables the student to better understand everything they read with ease. It also increases the pace of reading, since they do not have to pause now and then, trying to understand the content. The students are also able to expand their knowledge and interest on a particular issue beyond what is learnt in the classroom since they can always make inferences in what they experience in day-to-day activities from what they read. These encourage them to learn and end up being knowledgeable on the subject. When the learners improve their interest on the subject being learnt, the teachers can easily drive instructions, as they are able to focus on what students are curious about. These benefits are realized where KWL chart is highly used. The students also become independent readers when they learn how to apply these strategies. This way the students are able to understand the written word for their own benefits as well as to the teachers. Teaching a highly attentive class with students who easily understand what they are taught becomes easy for the teacher and saves time taken to cover any particular subject. Disadvantages of the Reading strategies As much as the pre-reading, guided reading, and post reading have resulted to increased levels of comprehension among learners, a number of shortcomings is experienced while implementing them. The ultimate

Iron production in sudan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Iron production in sudan - Essay Example Providing a great opportunity for investors. According to a recent KPMG report, the continuing global urbanization is set to drive the demand of steel, effectively doubling it by 2050 and at the current level of demand the iron ore reserves in Brazil’s Minas Gerias and Australia’s Pilbara will generally be exhausted by then. It is predicted that as the world gradually runs out of hematite deposits, there will spring the need for new sources of iron. One of countries that is seen to offer an amazing opportunity for the iron ore industry. Sudan’s full iron ore production potential has never been fully exploited nor has it been completely analyzed but its location next to Congo and the iron ore reserves that are already being mined have shown promising results. By investing in Sudan’s iron ore industry, investors from the GCC stand to reap immense benefits from the virgin iron ore industry in the country Resources In a study conducted by Waldelnour, et al. (2 010), both the Western and Eastern parts of Khartoum have relatively rich iron ore deposits. The type of iron ore deposits that is seen to be available in these areas is generally found in the Mesozoic and especially so in the Upper Cretaceous. This iron ore is generally characterized by having a relatively high tonnage, in addition to its low-grade quality. However it is quite possible that if the country’s investment policy were to be reviewed so as to essentially favor investment in the iron and steel industry, this could have the potential resultant effect of entirely revolutionizing the steel industry in the country especially so in light of the fact that these deposits tend to cover vast expanses of land (Waldelnour, et al., 2010, pg. 2). Sudan’s rich mineral resources: Sudan’s rich mineral that could possibly be exploited by investors includes: According to Mann & Mendenhall, (1964), the Geological Department in Sudan published the Fodikwan Iron Deposits. Sudan’s Fodikwan group of deposits are found to be mainly located at approximately 21?-45’ N. latitude and between 36 ? -45’ E. Longitude this region is found to be in the areas around the north Red Sea Hills areas of the country, at an approximate distance of about nine miles inland from its Port Sudan-Halaiba Road. This is an estimated distance of about 167 miles from the country’s Port Sudan. The nearest harbor that can service any transportation of these iron ore resources is found to be at Marob, which is at a distance of approximately 12 miles from these deposits. It would be necessary for the country to develop a Jetty to support the loading of ships with the processed iron, steel or iron ore that has been mined from this region. The report also indicated that the iron deposits in the country can essentially be divided into the two categories of solid ore which is seen to constitute about 147,000 metric tons of relatively accessible ore containing about 60%Fe, while the mixed ore deposits were estimated to stand at 95,000 tons with an

Effects of Streaming on the Music Industry

Effects of Streaming on the Music Industry In the past couple of years, streaming has become one of the main ways to listen to music. With streaming is it having an Effect on the music industry that we have come to know of. This point has many Positive and Negative statement about the effects on the music industry. Some of the main Streaming Sites or Apps are Spotify, Pandora and Apple Music. With these streaming sites, many of the CEOs believe that their apps have helped the music industry from going into a decline in most of its sales. Or Artists believe it is helping the profile platform for Musicians. Results from streaming in the past couple of years are that the rates of piracy have heavily declined because of Apps like Spotify and Pandora. Spotify has been one of the main impacts on the music industry from 2015, Due to its free subscription to stream music. CEO of Spotify Daniel Ek, claiming Now, finally, after years and years of decline, music is growing again, streaming is behind the growth in music, and Spotify is behind the growth in streaming.(Hassan, C, 2016) Lars Ulrich drummer of Metallica believes Streaming is a good way for musicians and artist to get a higher profile on themselves. He also states Its a choice for the fan to be part of, its a choice for the artists who are involved in making their music available on streaming services. Its a choice by the record companies that represent the artist. Fifteen years ago those choices didnt exist.(BBC news) But besides all these Positives there have been many negative remarks on the topic. When Apple music did their 3-month free trial, the apple artist wasnt actually getting paid for the music that the members were streaming. Which has made a contribute to Taylor Swift pulling her music off of Apple music because of a high based disagreement over payment. Payment is also a factor that most people disagree with when it comes to Spotify or Apple Music. When a some is played on Spotify it has to be running for more than 30secs for the artist to get paid which can go from $0.004 for the smaller artist to $0.0084 for the well-known artist. Which in conclusion has made some famous artist non-eager to join Spotify. In the US the revenue for music sale has been hovering are $7Bil since 2010, which only went up by less than one percent from 2014 to 2015 to $7.02Bil. With this, Cds and Downloads have started to become abounded as streaming has now risen to become one of the number one platforms for music listeners. With all the contributing statements Does streaming effect the music industry you can tell that most people are with thinking that it is positive or negative, but you do get people who think that it is both with good reason to back themselves up. in future years to come will we see a drastic change in the music industry thanks to streaming?. Bibliography: Hassan, C, 2016 Spotify CEO Claims the Music Industry Would Be Dead Without Spotify http://www.digitalmusicnews.com/2016/02/17/71963/ Jones, R, 2016 Online Streaming drives increase in Australian Music Industry http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-04-11/online-streaming-drives-increase-in-australian-music-industry/7314660 Sisario, B Russell, K, 2016 Music sales remain steady but lucrative cd sales decline Is streaming good for Music 2015 http://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-33526045 Iahn, B Streaming effect on the music industry https://themusicuniverse.com/streamings-effect-on-the-music-industry/ Wolf-Mann, E, 2015 Spotify Music Industry Revenues http://time.com/money/4086968/spotify-music-industry-revenues/ University, A, 2016 How streaming is changing the music industry http://au.blogs.american.edu/audio-technology/how-streaming-is-changing-the-music-industry/ Ellis-Petersen, H, 2016 Streaming revenues bring big boost to global music industry https://www.theguardian.com/music/2016/apr/12/streaming-revenues-bring-big-boost-to-global-music-industry

The Zipper :: essays research papers

The zipper is a very common fastener used to secure all kinds of things, especially clothing. But the zipper wasn't always around. Before the zipper was invented, buttons were used in fastening clothes, and so were hooks and eyes that had to be fastened manually. When the zipper first came out, it was somewhat of an oddity; it wasn't widely accepted. But slowly, more and more people started noticing its convenient applications, and soon it could be seen everywhere. The zipper started off as a novelty, and because of its convenience, it is now a necessity.The first zipper was invented by Whitcomb Judson. He devised it to do up boots, and got the device patented on August 29, 1893. He called it the "clasp locker". The clasp locker was much bulkier than the zipper we know today. It was a series of two rows of hooks and eyes that could be fastened by a "slider" (which was the most important part of Judson's invention). Another big difference from today's zipper is that after zipping up the fastener, the slider would detach right off the garment. Then to open the clasp locker, the slider would be re-attached at the top of the locked clasps, upside down, and then pulled down.About a year after the patents were issued, a close friend of Whitcomb Judson, named Harry Earle, and a lawyer named Lewis Walker met up with Judson, and they formed the Universal Fastening Company. They weren't very successful. One of the main reasons was that the clasp locker didn't work very well. The fastener frequently jammed, and easily rusted. But in April of 1896, some Post Office Department representatives went to the company and inspected the Judson fastener on a mailbag and pronounced it satisfactory. Twenty mailbags equipped with the fasteners were ordered. That was one of the first orders Universal Fastening Company got, and it wasn't repeated. It's assumed that the mailbags were discarded due to faulty fasteners.While Judson tried to improve his fastener, the company struggled to get customers. But soon they weren't so worried about trying to sell it, and more worried about finding useful applications for it. In early promotion, it was described as a "20th century device". Also "remarkable in its simplicity, rapidity, security, utility". The fastener would be shown applied to skirt plackets, gloves, corsets, boots, shoes, and leggings. A little later in the decade, Judson came up with a new separable fastener, called the C-curity fastener, although its patent wasn't issued until 1905.

Teh Hong Piow Leadership

Section C Public Bank 1a) Portfolio Performance Holding Period Return HPR =Ending Price-Beginning PriceBeginning Price+Cash Dividend ? 100% =RM15. 50-RM 15. 32RM 15. 32+0 ? 100% =1. 17% b) Market Performance Market Performance MP =Ending Index-Beginning IndexBeginning Index? 100% =1669. 40-1654. 041654. 04? 100% =0. 927% Axiata Group 1a) Portfolio Performance Holding Period Return HPR =Ending Price-Beginning PriceBeginning Price+Cash Dividend ? 100% =RM6. 00-RM 5. 83RM 5. 83+0 ? 100% =2. 92% b) Market Performance Market Performance MP =Ending Index-Beginning IndexBeginning Index? 100% =1669. 0-1654. 041654. 04? 100% =0. 927% Nestle (M) Bhd 1a) Portfolio Performance Holding Period Return HPR =Ending Price-Beginning PriceBeginning Price+Cash Dividend ? 100% =RM63. 10-RM 59. 00RM 59. 00+0 ? 100% =6. 95% b) Market Performance Market Performance MP =Ending Index-Beginning IndexBeginning Index? 100% =1669. 40-1654. 041654. 04? 100% =0. 927% Section D Public Bank a) The portfolio performanc e of Public Bank is better as compared to the market performance. The HPR of Pubic Bank is higher than the marker performance, which is 1. 17% as compared to market performance which is only 0. 927%. b) ) Public Bank is a well reputed and well-known company for its prudent management, excellence services, strong profitability, strong corporate culture and corporate governance. It is currently a leading provider of financial services in Malaysia. It also provides bank operations in Hong Kong, Combodia, Vietnam, Laos and Sri Lanka. Public Bank had performed well in the market share in year 2011. The overall ratio in the market share in year 2011 is higher than the year 2010. According to the sustainability profit growth of Public bank, it has stronger performance in year 2011 than in year 2010.Moreover, the net income of Public Bank Group had increased by 8. 3% from RM6,838. 5 million in 2010 to RM7,408. 6 million in 2011. In addition, it has a steady asset growth from year 2010 to 20 11. Its financial report encouraged us to invest in the company as it has a steady growth and lower risk. During the subsequent to the financial year end, which is on 30th January 2012, directors of Public Bank had declared a second interim single tier dividend of 28%, with the amount of RM980,596,036 in the current year. According to the key statistic of Public Bank in dividend growth, it grown 0. 3% in 5 years. It gives confidence to us for investing in this company for its stable growth in the economic. Source: Annual Report (2011). Public Bank. Retrieved from http://announcements. bursamalaysia. com/EDMS/subweb. nsf/7f04516f8098680348256c6f0017a6bf/bd33262bdcaa8fc1482579ad00116c90/$FILE/PBBANK-FinancialStatements%20(971MB). pdf Source: Annual Report (2011). Public Bank. Retrieved from http://announcements. bursamalaysia. com/EDMS/subweb. nsf/7f04516f8098680348256c6f0017a6bf/bd33262bdcaa8fc1482579ad00116c90/$FILE/PBBANK-FinancialStatements%20(971MB). pdf Source: The Star Online ( 2013).Public Bank Bhd. Retrieved on 8th January 2013 from http://biz. thestar. com. my/marketwatch/charts/l. asp? code=1295~PBBANK&p1=16. 18&p2=16. 16&p3=16. 22&p4=16. 1&p5=16. 18&p6=0&p7=0. 00&p8=46667&p9=14. 545 Axiata Group a) The portfolio performance of Axiata Group is relatively in good performance as compared to the market performance. The HPR of Axiata Group is 2. 92%, which is higher than the Market Performance of only 0. 927%. b) c) Axiata Group Berhad is an investment holding company which provides communication and consultancy services.It offers mobile telecommunication, interconnect, television transmission and other services. It also dealing of marketable securities, trading and distribution of communication devices and its related products. According to the details, it was founded in 1992 and as on 23rd May 2012, the company has approximately 190 million mobile subscribers in Asia. According to the financial results of Axiata Group Bhd in the last four years, which is from year 2007 to 2011, the revenue of the company grew to the tune of 60%. Their profits almost doubled for these four years.The company had a very good performance which attracted us to invest in the company. On the other hand, the cash position of the company had increased from RM6. 3 billion to RM6. 6 billion and the ROIC improved from 11. 8% to 12. 2%. Moreover, the diversification of the company grown with further progress with 56% of revenue generated outside of the Malaysia. According to the Axiata Group Bhd annual report 2011, the Group’s total subscriber base expanded to around 200 million, increase 25% from a year ago and growing an average of 3. 3 million per month.These made the Group one of the largest telecommunications companies in the region. The Group shows a positive data trends and performance throughout the countries in Malaysia and overseas. This gives us greater confidence in investing in the company, which given us lower risk to invest. According to t he performance highlight in the past four year of the Group, which is from 2008 to 2011, the graph relatively shows increasing in the operating revenue, EBITDA, PAT, NORMALISED PATAMI, POIC and SUBSCRIBERS. It shows that the company has reater performance in year 2011, and we believe that the company will show strong performance in year 2012, and hence, we decided to invest in the company. Source: Annual Report(2011). Axiata Group Bhd. Retrieved on 8th January 2013 from http://axiata. listedcompany. com/misc/ar2011. pdf Nestle (M) Bhd a) The Portfolio Performance of Nestle (M) Bhd is performing well as compared to the Market Performance. The HPR of the Nestle (M) Bhd is 6. 95%, as compared to the Market Performance of only 0. 927%. It is relatively having high performance in the market. b) ) Nestle Malaysia Bhd is a leading Food, Nutrition, Health and Wellness Company in the region. It grown to be the world’s largest good company which offering more than 8,500 brands and 10,0 00 products. It also has more than 456 factories over 80 countries and more than 283,000 employees. Nestle Malaysia Bhd has encountered turnover of RM1. 16 billion in Quarter 1 in 2012, which is 8. 5% higher than the previous corresponding period. In the first quarter of 2012, Nestle Malaysia Bhd had good growth performance in both domestic and export sales. It also has increased profit before tax of RM206. million and profit after tax of RM158. 1 million which grew by 8. 2% and 7. 4% respectively compared to the previous period. Moreover, despite exports its products across the globes; the Group has successfully exports more than half of its products to ASEAN region. The stable performance of the company attracted us to invest in the company although the price is high. In addition, the company also introduced new products to the market, which these products will directly affect the strong demand of the domestic and hence affect the economic performance of the company.Moreover, the sustained economic growth of overseas countries, encouraged the performance of export sales, and increased the sales of 18% to inter-market customers. It is relatively a trusted brand to the Malaysian, where it is well-known of its healthy nutrition drinks. On the other hand, Nestle (M) Bhd also launched the Nestle Project Rilead in October 2011, where it aims to create a landscape for people, nature and agriculture can co-exist harmoniously in their need for water. This project will give an initiative of seeing the reforestation of the land. This relatively giving us good image on the